Ingabe uye wathola umonakalo ngenxa yobugebengu? Ubuwazi yini ukuthi ungafuna isinxephezelo hhayi kuphela ekuqulweni kwecala kodwa naphakathi kwamacala obugebengu? Kubalulekile ukwazi amalungelo akho nokuthi unganxeshezelwa kanjani ngomonakalo. E-Netherlands, i-Code of Criminal Procedure (Sv) ivumela izisulu zobugebengu ukuthi zifune isinxephezelo ngezinkantolo zobugebengu. I-Article 51f ye-Code of Criminal Procedure ithi abantu abaye balimala ngokuqondile ngenxa yecala lobugebengu bangafaka isicelo sokunxeshezelwa njengomuntu olimele ecaleni lobugebengu elibhekene nommangalelwa.
Ungafuna Kanjani Ukulimala?
- Okuhlanganyelwe: umonakalo ngaphakathi kwecala lobugebengu
Uma umshushisi enquma ukushushisa ummangalelwa ngecala oyisisulu salo, 'ungajoyina' amacala obugebengu njengomuntu olimele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ufuna isinxephezelo kummangalelwa ngaphakathi kwecala lobugebengu. Ummeli wakho uzobhala lesi simangalo ngokubonisana, esebenzisa ulwazi lwakho namadokhumenti. Le nqubo yakhelwe izisulu zobugebengu ukuze kungabikho isidingo sokuqala izinyathelo ezihlukene zokubuyisela amademeshe. Ungase uthamele icala lobugebengu futhi uchaze isimangalo sakho, kodwa lokhu akuphoqelekile. Emacaleni obugebengu abucayi, izisulu nezihlobo nazo zinelungelo lokukhuluma ukuze babelane ngolwazi nemiphumela yabo. Uma ijaji ligweba ummangalelwa, lizophinde lihlole isimangalo sakho.
Imibandela yesinxephezelo ngaphakathi kwamacala obugebengu
Ukufaka isicelo sokunxeshezelwa ngaphakathi kwamacala obugebengu kunemibandela ethile. Ngezansi, sichaza le mibandela ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze uthole isinxephezelo njengomuntu olimele ngempumelelo.
Ukwamukeleka
Ukuze wamukelwe, le mibandela elandelayo kufanele ihlangatshezwe:
- Isijeziso noma isilinganiso: ummangalelwa kufanele atholakale enecala futhi anikezwe isijeziso noma isilinganiso;
- Ukulimala okuqondile: umonakalo kumele ngabe udalwe ngokuqondile icala elifakazelwe;
- Awukho umthwalo ongalingani: isicelo akumele sibeke umthwalo ongalingani ekuqulweni kwamacala obugebengu.
Izinto ezibalulekile kulo mongo:
- Usayizi wesimangalo
- Inkimbinkimbi
- Ulwazi lwejaji ngomthetho womphakathi
- Ukuvikela ithuba elanele lokuhoxisa isimangalo
Izidingo zokuqukethwe
- Sula isixhumanisi esiyimbangela: kufanele kube nesixhumanisi esicacile esiyimbangela phakathi kwecala nokulimala okwenzekile. Ukulimala kufanele kube umphumela wecala ngokuqondile nangokucacile;
- Ubufakazi obunamandla: kufanele kube nobufakazi obuqinile becala lomoni, okwandisa amathuba okuthi inkantolo yobugebengu inikeze isimangalo. Kufanele futhi kube nobufakazi bokuthi ummangalelwa nguyena owenze umonakalo;
- Umthwalo wobufakazi: umuntu olimele kufanele anikeze ubufakazi obanele ukufakazela umonakalo kanye nokuxhumana necala. Ukuqinisekiswa okufanele kwesimangalo kubalulekile.
Izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa amacala obugebengu
- Inqubo elula: Ilula futhi iyashesha ukwedlula ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi;
- Alikho iqoqo lakho: Uma isicelo sikhishiwe, akudingekile ukuthi ulande imali ngokwakho;
- Ukusebenza kahle nesivinini: kuyashesha ukwedlula ukuqulwa kwamacala amademeshe ahlukene ngoba isinxephezelo kubhekwana naso ngqo ecaleni lobugebengu;
- Ukonga izindleko: ukujoyina njengeqembu elimele ngokuvamile kubiza kancane kunokuqala icala elihlukile lombango;
- Isikhundla sobufakazi obunamandla: emacaleni obugebengu, ubufakazi buqoqwa ngokumelene nommangalelwa futhi buthulwe Ihhovisi Lomshushisi Womphakathi (OM). Lobu bufakazi bungase futhi busekele isimangalo sakho sesinxephezelo.
Ububi bokuhlanganisa amacala obugebengu
- Ukulimala okulula: Umonakalo otholakala kalula kuphela ongatholwa;
- Ukungaqiniseki: Ukungaqiniseki ngomphumela uma ummangalelwa ekhululwa
Isilinganiso sokunxeshezelwa kanye nohlelo lokukhokha kusengaphambili
Uma kukhishwa isinxephezelo, inkantolo yobugebengu ivame ukubeka umyalelo wokunxeshezelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umenzi womthetho kumele akhokhe isinxephezelo kuHulumeni, bese usidlulisela kulowo ohlukunyeziwe. I-Central Judicial Collection Agency (CJIB) iqoqa la manani kulowo onecala egameni lomshushisi womphakathi. Nokho, inkinga evamile iwukuthi umenzi wobubi angase ahluleke ukuzikhokhela, ashiye isisulu singasenasinxephezelo.
Ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokwengxenye, i-CJIB ikhokha inani elisele kusisulu ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ngamacala odlame nawocansi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi umenzi wobugebengu ukhokhile. Lolu hlelo, olwaziwa ngokuthi “uhlelo lokukhokha kusengaphambili”, lukhona kusukela ngo-2011 futhi lusebenza kubantu bemvelo kuphela.
Kobunye ubugebengu, obufana nobugebengu bezakhiwo, isistimu yokukhokha kusengaphambili isebenze kusukela ngo-2016 ngenani eliphelele lama-€5,000. Lolu hlelo lusiza izisulu ukuthi zithole isinxephezelo sazo ngokushesha futhi lunciphise umthwalo nezindleko ezingokomzwelo.
Nakuba kungezona zonke izisulu ezizuza ngokugcwele, lolu hlelo lunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile phezu kwecala lombango.
Izinhlobo zomonakalo
Emthethweni wobugebengu, kokubili umonakalo obonakalayo nongabonakali ungabuyiselwa, inqobo nje uma kukhona isixhumanisi esiqondile esiyimbangela yecala futhi nomonakalo unengqondo futhi udingekile.
- Ukulimala Kwezinto: Lokhu kuhlanganisa zonke izindleko zezezimali ezitholwe ngenxa yobugebengu. Izibonelo zifaka izindleko zezokwelapha, ukulahlekelwa yimali engenayo, izindleko zokulungisa impahla eyonakele, nezinye izindleko ezidalwe ngokuqondile ngenxa yobugebengu.
- Ukulimala Okungaphatheki: Lokhu kubandakanya umonakalo ongewona owezezimali njengobuhlungu, usizi, nokuhlupheka ngokwengqondo. Isinxephezelo somonakalo ongaphatheki ngokuvamile sibandakanya isinxephezelo “sobuhlungu nokuhlupheka”.
Kungakapheli Law & More, sikusiza ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ingabe izinto zakho zomonakalo zisifanele isimangalo sesinxephezelo somthetho wobugebengu. Akuwona wonke umonakalo ofaneleka ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphakathi kwecala lobugebengu.
Izinqumo ezingaba khona emacaleni obugebengu
Uma ufaka isimangalo somonakalo ecaleni lobugebengu, ijaji lingase lenze izinqumo ezimbalwa:
- Umklomelo: inkantolo iklomelisa wonke noma ingxenye yomonakalo futhi ngokuvamile ikhipha umyalelo wokulimaza ngokushesha.
- Akwamukeleki: inkantolo imemezela ukuthi isimangalo somonakalo wonke noma ingxenye asimukeleki.
- Ukwenqatshwa: inkantolo ichitha sonke noma ingxenye yesicelo somonakalo.
- Ukuqulwa kwecala
Uma inkantolo yobugebengu ingasiniki isimangalo sakho ngokugcwele noma uma ukhetha ukufuna umonakalo ngomunye umzila, ungavula icala lenkantolo. Leli yicala elihlukile lapho umangalela khona ummangalelwa ngomonakalo owenziwe. Ukuqulwa kwecala lombango kuvame ukuba nengqondo ngomonakalo onzima, uma kunezingxoxo eziningi mayelana nembangela yomonakalo noma uma umshushisi enquma ukungashushisi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola isinxephezelo ngomonakalo (wonke) phakathi kwecala lobugebengu.
Izinzuzo inqubo civil
- Ungafuna umonakalo ogcwele;
- Ububanzi obuningi bokuqinisekisa umonakalo, isb ngobufakazi bochwepheshe.
Ububi bokuqulwa kwamacala amademeshe
- Izindleko zivame ukuba phezulu;
- Kufanele uqoqe isinxephezelo komunye umuntu ngokwakho.
- Isikhwama somonakalo sobugebengu obunodlame
Izisulu zezisulu zobugebengu obunobudlova nokuziphatha okuhle zingafaka isicelo sokunxeshezelwa eSikhwameni Sokulimala Kwabahlukunyezwa Bobugebengu Obunodlame. Lesi sikhwama sikhokhela inzuzo eyisamba ngokusekelwe esimweni sokulimala, hhayi umonakalo wangempela. Isikhwama sivamise ukunquma zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha bese sikhokha umhlomulo ngokushesha. Isicelo singenziwa ku-Injury Fund kanye nesimangalo ecaleni lobugebengu noma lomphakathi. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngabe ususitholile yini isinxephezelo kumoni, njengoba ukunxeshezelwa kabili akuvunyelwe. Singakusiza futhi ukuthi ufake isicelo.
Kanjani Law & More ingakusiza ngesinxephezelo emacaleni obugebengu
- Ukuhlola izimangalo zomonakalo: Singakusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi izicelo zakho zomonakalo zifanele yini ukufaka isimangalo sesinxephezelo somthetho wobugebengu;
- Iseluleko sezomthetho: Sinikeza izeluleko zezomthetho ezingochwepheshe mayelana nokuba nokwenzeka kwesimangalo sakho phakathi nokuqulwa kwamacala obugebengu kanye nokuthi kuwukuhlakanipha yini ukuqhubeka nokuqulwa kwecala;
- Ilungiselela isimangalo: Siqinisekisa ukuthi isimangalo sakho sinesisekelo esiqinile nemibhalo edingekayo kanye namadokhumenti asekelayo, okwandisa amathuba okuba kugwetshwe ngempumelelo. Sikusiza ukuthi ubone umonakalo, uqoqe amadokhumenti asekelayo, ulungise isimangalo, futhi uthumele ifomu lokuhlanganisa.
- Ukwesekwa ngesikhathi sokulalelwa kwecala: Sikuphelezela ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwamacala enkantolo futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi izintshisekelo zakho zimelelwa ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Xhumana nathi
Ingabe unemibuzo mayelana nesinxephezelo emacaleni obugebengu noma amademeshe? Uma kunjalo, ungangabazi ukuthintana nabameli ku Law & More.