Indebe nokunyundela amagama asuka kuKhodi Yobugebengu. Amacala angajeziswa ngenhlawulo ngisho nezigwebo zasejele, nakuba, eNetherlands, umuntu akavamile ukuvalelwa ejele ngenxa yenhlamba noma ukunyundela. Ikakhulukazi ngamagama obugebengu. Kodwa umuntu onecala lokunyundela noma ukunyundela naye wenza isenzo esingekho emthethweni (I-Art. 6: 162 ye-Civil Code) futhi ngakho-ke, angashushiswa ngaphansi komthetho womphakathi, lapho izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zingafunwa ekuqulweni kwecala noma ukuqhutshwa ngokufanele, njengokulungiswa nokususwa kwezitatimende ezingekho emthethweni.
Ukuhlanjalazwa
Umthetho uchaza ukuhlambalaza (umdwebo 261 Wekhodi Yezigwebo) njengokulimaza ngamabomu isithunzi noma igama elihle lothile ngokusola iqiniso elithile ukuze lenze obala. Ngamafuphi: ukuhlambalaza kwenzeka lapho othile ekhuluma 'okubi' ngamabomu ngomunye umuntu ukuze azise lokhu kwabanye futhi abeke lo muntu esimweni esibi. Ukwehliswa isithunzi kuhlanganisa izinkulumo ezizama ukonakalisa isithunzi sothile.
I-Libel ibizwa ngokuthi 'icala lesikhalazo' futhi uyashushiswa uma othile elibika. Okuhlukile kulo mgomo ukuhlambalaza igunya likahulumeni, inhlangano yomphakathi, noma isikhungo kanye nokunyundela isisebenzi sikahulumeni esisesikhundleni. Odabeni lokudicilela phansi isithunzi sabantu abangasekho kumele izihlobo zegazi zibike uma zifuna kushushiswe. Ukwengeza, asikho isijeziso lapho umenzi wobubi enze ukuzivikela okudingekayo. Futhi, umuntu angeke alahlwe yicala lokwehliswa isithunzi uma engase acabange ngobuqotho ukuthi icala abekwe lona lalingokoqobo futhi lalizuzisa umphakathi ukuba libekwe.
Libele
Ngaphandle kokwehliswa isithunzi, kukhona futhi inhlamba (art. 261 Sr). I-Libel iwuhlobo olubhaliwe lokwehlisa isithunzi. U-Libel uzibophezele ekwenzeni umuntu mnyama ngamabomu esidlangalaleni, ngokwesibonelo, ngesihloko sephephandaba noma inkundla yomphakathi kuwebhusayithi. Ukwehliswa isithunzi emibhalweni efundwa phezulu nakho kungaphansi kwendebe. Njengokwehliswa isithunzi, inhlamba ishushiswa kuphela uma isisulu sibika lobu bugebengu.
Umehluko phakathi kwenhlamba nokwehliswa isithunzi
Ukwehliswa isithunzi (art. 262 of the Criminal Code) kuhilela othile ukumangalela ngomunye umuntu esidlangalaleni kuyilapho azi noma kufanele azi ukuthi lezo zinsolo azivumelekile. Umugqa onokuhlambalaza ngezinye izikhathi ungaba nzima ukuwudweba. Uma wazi ukuthi okuthile akulona iqiniso, lokho kungaba ukuhlambalaza. Uma ukhuluma iqiniso, akusoze kwaba ukuhlambalaza. Kodwa kungaba ukuhlambalaza noma inhlamba ngoba ukukhuluma iqiniso kungase futhi kube nesijeziso (ngakho-ke akukho emthethweni). Ngempela, indaba ayikona kakhulu ukuthi umuntu uqamba amanga yini kodwa ukuthi udumo nedumela lothile liyathinteka yini ngokumangalelwa okukhulunywa ngakho.
Isivumelwano phakathi kwendebe nokwehliswa isithunzi
Umuntu onecala lokudicilela phansi isithunzi noma inhlamba usengozini yokushushiswa ngobugebengu. Kodwa-ke, umuntu futhi wenza icala (Art. 6:162 ye-Civil Code) futhi angamangalelwa yisisulu ngomzila wezomthetho wezakhamuzi. Isibonelo, isisulu singafuna isinxephezelo futhi siqale izinyathelo ezifingqiwe.
Uzamile ukuthuka nokuhlambalaza
Umzamo wokudelela noma ukunyundela nawo uyajeziswa. 'ukuzama' kusho ukuzama ukudelela noma ukunyundela omunye umuntu. Isidingo lapha ukuthi kumele kube khona ukuqala kokwenziwa kwecala. Uyazi ukuthi kukhona ozofaka umlayezo ongemuhle ngawe? Futhi uyafuna ukuvimbela lokhu? Khona-ke ungacela inkantolo ezinqubeni ezifingqiwe ukuthi ikuvimbele lokhu. Uzodinga ummeli walokhu.
Umbiko
Abantu noma izinkampani nsuku zonke zisolwa ngemikhonyovu, ukukhwabanisa, nobunye ubugebengu. Kuwuhlelo losuku ku-inthanethi, emaphephandabeni, kumabonakude nasemsakazweni. Kodwa izinsolo kufanele zikwazi ukusekelwa amaqiniso, ikakhulukazi uma lezo zinsolo zibucayi. Uma ukumangalela kungenasisekelo, umuntu omangalele angase abe necala lokuhlambalaza, ukwehlisa isithunzi, noma ukunyundela. Bese kuba yisu elihle ukuthi uqale ngokufaka umbiko emaphoyiseni. Lokhu ungakwenza ngokwakho noma nommeli wakho. Ungathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Isinyathelo 1: hlola ukuthi ngabe ubhekene nenhlamba (ukubhala) noma ukwehlisa isithunzi
Isinyathelo 2: Yazisa lowo muntu ukuthi ufuna ame futhi umcele ukuthi asuse imilayezo.
Ingabe umlayezo usephephandabeni noma ku-inthanethi? Cela umlawuli ukuthi asuse umlayezo.
Futhi, makwazeke ukuthi uzothatha izinyathelo zomthetho uma lowo muntu engayimisi noma engayisusi imilayezo.
Isinyathelo 3: Kunzima ukufakazela ukuthi othile ufuna ukulimaza 'igama lakho elihle' ngamabomu. Omunye angase futhi akhulume kabi ngawe ukuze axwayise abanye. Kokubili ukuhlambalaza nokuhlambalaza kungamacala obugebengu kanye 'necala lokukhononda.' Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphoyisa angenza okuthile uma uzibika wena. Ngakho qoqa ubufakazi obuningi ngangokunokwenzeka balokhu, njengokuthi:
- amakhophi emiyalezo, izithombe, izincwadi, noma amanye amadokhumenti
- Imiyalezo ye-WhatsApp, ama-imeyili, noma eminye imilayezo eku-inthanethi
- imibiko evela kwabanye ababone noma bezwa okuthile
Isinyathelo 4: Kufanele ubikele amaphoyisa uma ufuna kube necala lobugebengu. Umshushisi unquma ukuthi unabo yini ubufakazi obanele bese eqala icala lobugebengu.
Isinyathelo 5: Uma kunobufakazi obanele, umshushisi angaqala icala lobugebengu. Ijaji lingase linikeze isijeziso, ngokuvamile inhlawulo. Futhi, ijaji lingase linqume ukuthi lowo muntu kufanele awususe umlayezo futhi ayeke ukusabalalisa imilayezo emisha. Khumbula ukuthi icala lobugebengu lingathatha isikhathi eside.
Angeke yini libe khona icala lobugebengu? Noma ufuna ukuthi okuthunyelwe kususwe ngokushesha? Ngemva kwalokho ungafaka icala enkantolo yezakhamuzi. Kulokhu, ungacela okulandelayo:
- susa umlayezo.
- ukuvinjelwa ukuthumela imilayezo emisha.
- 'ukulungiswa.' Lokhu kubandakanya ukulungisa/ukubuyisela umbiko wangaphambilini.
- isinxephezelo.
- inhlawulo. Khona-ke umenzi womthetho kufanele akhokhe inhlawulo uma engahambisani nesinqumo senkantolo.
Umonakalo wenhlamba nokunyundela
Nakuba ukuhlambalaza nokuhlambalaza kungabikwa, lawa macala awavamile ukuholela ekugwetshweni ejele, ikakhulukazi inhlawulo ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, izisulu eziningi zikhetha ukuthatha izinyathelo zomthetho ngokumelene nomenzi wobubi (futhi) ngokusebenzisa umthetho wezakhamuzi. Umuntu olimele unelungelo lokunxeshezelwa ngaphansi kwe-Civil Code uma ukumangalela noma ukuthweswa icala kuphambene nomthetho. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomonakalo zingaba khona. Okubalulekile wukulimala kwesithunzi kanye (ezinkampanini) nokulimala kwenzuzo.
Ukuvuselelwa
Uma othile eyisaphulamthetho esiphindayo noma esenkantolo ngokwenza inhlamba, ukwehlisa isithunzi, noma ukunyundela izikhathi eziningi, angalindela inhlawulo ephakeme. Ukwengeza, ukuthi icala bekuyisenzo esisodwa esiqhubekayo noma izenzo ezihlukene kufanele kubhekwe.
Ingabe ubhekene nenhlamba noma ukunyundela? Futhi ungathanda ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana namalungelo akho? Khona-ke ungangabazi contact Law & More Abameli. Abameli bethu banolwazi olunzulu futhi bazokujabulela ukukweluleka nokukusiza ezinqubweni zezomthetho.