Ezicijile kahle zenza omakhelwane abahle - indlela uhulumeni asabela ngayo ku-inthanethi nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-Intanethi
Isingeniso
Abanye benu cishe bayazi ukuthi njengendlela yokuzilibazisa ngishicilela izincwadi ezihunyushwe kusukela ezilimini zaseMpumalanga Yurophu ukuya esiNgisini naseDutch - https://glagoslav.com. Enye yezincwadi zami zakamuva yincwadi ebhalwe ummeli ovelele waseRussia u-Anatoly Kucherena, obephethe icala lika-Snowden eRussia. Umlobi ubhale incwadi esekelwe endabeni yeqiniso yeklayenti lakhe u-Edward Snowden - Isikhathi se-Octopus, esibe yisisekelo sombhalo wefilimu yaseHollywood esanda kukhishwa "Snowden" eqondiswa ngu-Oliver Stone umqondisi wefilimu ovelele wase-US.
U-Edward Snowden waziwa kabanzi ngokuba ngumpempe, evuza imininingwane eyimfihlo “ngemisebenzi yokuzivikela” ye-CIA, i-NSA ne-GCHQ kwabezindaba. I-movie phakathi kokunye ikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lwe- 'PRISM', lapho i-NSA ingavimbela ukuxhumana ngezingcingo ngezinga elikhulu ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okwahlulela ngakunye. Abantu abaningi bazobona le misebenzi isuswe kude futhi bayichaza njengokubonisa izigcawu zaseMelika. Iqiniso elingokomthetho esiphila kulo libonisa okuhlukile. Okungaziwa ngabaningi ukuthi izimo ezifanayo zenzeka kaningi kunokuba ucabanga. Ngisho naseNetherlands. Okungukuthi, ngoDisemba 20, 2016 i-Dutch House of Representatives yaphasisa umthethosivivinywa obucayi wobumfihlo "Computercriminaliteit III" ("Cybercrime III").
I-Computercriminaliteit III
Umthethosivivinywa weComputercriminaliteit III, osadinga ukwamukelwa yiSenate YaseDashi futhi abaningi asebevele bakuthandazela ukwehluleka kwawo, wenzelwe ukunikeza abaphenyi (amaphoyisa, iRoyal Constabulary kanye neziphathimandla ezikhethekile zokuphenya ezifana ne-FIOD) amandla phenya (okusho ukukopisha, ukubona, ukubamba nokwenza imininingwane engafinyeleleki) 'ekusebenzeni okuzenzakalelayo' noma 'kumadivayisi asebenza ngekhompyutha' (kumuntu ojwayelekile: amadivayisi anjengamakhompyutha nomakhalekhukhwini) ukuze kutholakale ubugebengu obukhulu. Ngokusho kukahulumeni kubonakale kunesidingo ukunika abaphenyi amandla - okusobala - okuhlola izakhamizi zawo njengoba izikhathi zanamuhla zidale ukuthi ubugebengu bungalandeki ngenxa yokwanda kokungaziwa kwabantu nokubethelwa kwedatha. Imemorandamu echazayo eyashicilelwa mayelana nomthethosivivinywa, okuyincwadi enzima kakhulu yokufunda yamakhasi ayi-114, ichaze izinhloso ezinhlanu ngezizathu lapho amandla okuphenya angasetshenziswa khona:
- Ukusungulwa kanye nokuthwebula imininingwane ethile yedivayisi ekhompyutheni noma yomsebenzisi, efana nobunikazi noma indawo: ikakhulukazi, lokhu kusho ukuthi abaphenyi bangafinyelela ngasese amakhompiyutha, ama-routers nezingcingo ukuze bathole imininingwane efana nekheli le-IP noma inombolo ye-IMEI.
- Ukuqoshwa kwemininingwane egcinwe kudivayisi ekhompyutheni: abaphathi abangaphenya bangaqopha imininingwane edingekayo ukuze 'basungule iqiniso' futhi baxazulule ubugebengu obukhulu. Umuntu angacabanga ngokuqoshwa kwezithombe zezithombe zocansi zezingane nemininingwane yokungena ngemvume yemiphakathi evaliwe.
- Ukwenza idatha ingafinyeleleki: kuzokwazi ukwenza idatha ubugebengu obenziwa ngayo bungatholakali ukuze kuqedwe ubulelesi noma bunqande ubugebengu obuzayo. Ngokusho kwememorandamu echazayo, kufanele ngale ndlela ikwazi ukulwa ne-botnets.
- Ukukhishwa kwewaranti yokuvimbela ukuqoshwa nokuqoshwa kokuxhumana (okuyimfihlo): ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuzokwazi ukukhipha nokuqopha (okuyimfihlo) imininingwane nge noma ngokubambisana komhlinzeki wesevisi yezokuxhumana.
- Ukukhishwa kwe waranti yokuqalwa okuhleliwe: abaphathi abazophenya bazothola amandla okuthola indawo futhi bakwazi ukulandela ukuhamba komsolwa, mhlawumbe ngokufaka kude isoftware ekhethekile kudivayisi ekhompyutheni.
Abantu abakholelwa ukuthi la mandla angasetshenziswa kuphela uma kuyi-cybercrime bazodumazeka. Amandla okuphenya njengoba kushiwo ngaphansi kwamaphuzu amabili okuqala nawokugcina njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, angasebenza uma kwenzeka amacala avumelekile ukuboshwa okwesikhashana, okuya emacaleni lapho umthetho ubeka isigwebo seminyaka emine. Amandla okuphenya axhumeke kowesibili kanye nenhloso yesithathu angasetjenziswa kuphela uma kunamacala lapho umthetho ubeka khona isigwebo seminyaka eyi-4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oda elijwayelekile emkhandlwini lingakhombisa ubugebengu, obenziwa ngokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kwalo obaluleke kakhulu emphakathini ukuthi lobu bugebengu buqediwe futhi abenzi bokubi bayashushiswa. Ngenhlanhla, ukungena kwemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo kungagunyazwa kuphela uma umsolwa esebenzisa idivaysi.
Izici zomthetho
Njengoba umgwaqo oya esihogweni ugotshwe ngezinhloso ezinhle, ukubhekwa ngokufanele akusilo iqiniso. Amandla okuphenya anikezwe ngumthethosivivinywa angasetshenziswa ngokuphelele, kepha isicelo sokusebenzisa lelo thuluzi singenziwa kuphela ngumshushisi. Kudingeka ukugunyazwa kwangaphambilini kwejaji lomphathi futhi i-"Centrale Toetsingscommissie" yoMnyango Wezokushushiswa Komphakathi ihlaziya ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwensimbi. Ngokwengeziwe, futhi njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunokuvinjelwa okujwayelekile ekusebenziseni kwamandla ebugebengwini ngesigwebo seminyaka engu-4 noma engu-8. Kunoma yikuphi, izidingo zokulingana nokuxhaswa kudingeka zigcwaliseke, kanye nezidingo ezinamandla nezenqubo.
Ezinye izinto ezintsha
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu somthethosivivinywa weComputercriminaliteit III manje sekuxoxiwe ngakho. Ngiye ngakubona ukuthi imidiya eminingi, ekukhaleni kokuhlupheka, ikhohlwa ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezimbili ezibalulekile zenkokhelo. Owokuqala ukuthi lo mthetho uzokhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi basebenzise 'i-bait teensens' ukuthola umkhondo 'wokuzilolonga'. Izitabane zingabonakala njengenguqulo yedijithali yabafana abathandekayo; ngocansi ngofuna ukuxhumana ngocansi nezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba lula ukushushisa abamukeli bemininingwane ebiwe nabathengisi abakhohlisayo abangavumi ukuletha izimpahla noma izinsizakalo abazinikeza online.
Ukuphikisa ukukhokhiswa i-Computercriminaliteit III
Umthetho ohlongozwayo kungenzeka uhlasele kakhulu ubumfihlo bezakhamizi zaseDashi. Ububanzi bomthetho bubanzi kakhulu. Ngicabanga iziphikiso eziningi, ukukhetha kwakho okubandakanya iqiniso lokuthi uma ubheka umkhawulo wamacala ogwetshwe nesigwebo esincane seminyaka emi-4, umuntu uthatha ngokushesha ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka kumele umngcele ofanele nokuthi kuzohlala kubandakanya iziphambeko ezikhona ngokungathetheleli okunzima. Kodwa-ke, umuntu ongena ngamabomu emshadweni wesibili futhi enqaba ukwazisa lowo oshade naye, angavele agwetshwe iminyaka engu-6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba yicala lokuthi umsolwa ekugcineni agcine engenacala. Hhayi imininingwane yakhe kuphela lapho-ke ihlolwe ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi nemininingwane yabanye engahlangene nobugebengu obungenziwanga ekugcineni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amakhompyutha nezingcingo 'kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu' kusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nabangane, umndeni, abaqashi kanye nabanye abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyangabazeka ukuthi abantu ababhekele ukuvunywa kanye nokugadwa kwezicelo ezisuselwa kumthethosivivinywa banolwazi olukhethekile ngokwanele lokufaka isicelo. Noma kunjalo, leyo mithetho icishe ibukeke njengobubi obudingekayo osukwini lwanamuhla. Cishe wonke umuntu wake wabhekana nemikhonyovu ye-Intanethi kanye nokungezwani kuvame ukukhuphuka kakhulu lapho umuntu ethenga ithikithi lekhonsathi elingamanga emakethe ye-intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho noyedwa ongathemba ukuthi ingane yakhe ihlangana nesibalo se-iffy ngenkathi ibhekabheka nsuku zonke. Umbuzo uhlala uthi ngabe i-Computercriminaliteit III, ngamathuba wayo abanzi, iyindlela yokuya.
Isiphetho
Umthethosivivinywa weComputercriminaliteit III ubukeka usuphenduke ububi obudingekayo. Lo mthethosivivinywa uhlinzeka iziphathimandla eziphenyayo ngezinga elikhulu lamandla ukuze zifinyeleleke emisebenzini eyenziwa ngabasolwa ngekhompyutha. Ngokungafani ecaleni le-Snowden-affair lo mthethosivivinywa uhlinzeka ngokuphepha okukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kusengabazeka ukuthi ngabe lezi zindawo zokuvikela zanele yini ukuvikela ukungena kwezigameko zangasese zezakhamizi zaseDashi esimweni esibi kakhulu futhi esenzakalweni esibi kakhulu ukuvimbela "i-Snowden 2.0" -effair ukuthi yenzeke.