Kwakuvamise ukuba isiko ukushada nomuntu wesizwe esifanayo noma onemvelaphi efanayo. Kulezi zinsuku imishado yabantu bezizwe ezahlukahlukene isiyanda kakhulu. Ngeshwa, imishado engama-40% eNetherlands iphela ngesehlukaniso. Lokhu kusebenza kanjani uma umuntu ehlala kwelinye izwe kunaleli abangene kulo emshadweni?
Ukwenza isicelo ngaphakathi kwe-EU
Umthethonqubo (EC) ongu-2201/2003 (noma: weBrussels II bis) ubusebenza kuwo wonke amazwe akwi-EU kusukela ngomhlaka 1 Mashi 2015. Ulawula amandla, ukuqashelwa nokuphoqelelwa kwezahlulelo ezindabeni zomshado kanye nesibopho somzali. Imithetho ye-EU isebenza esehlukanisweni, ekwehlukaneni ngokomthetho nasekuchithweni komshado. Ngaphakathi kwe-EU, isicelo sesehlukaniso singafakwa ezweni lapho inkantolo inamandla khona. Inkantolo inegunya ezweni:
- Lapho bobabili abashadayo behlala khona.
- Kubo bobabili abashadikazi bangabezizwe.
- Lapho isehlukaniso sisetshenziswa ndawonye.
- Lapho omunye umlingani enza isicelo sesehlukaniso kanti omunye uhlala ejwayele ukuhlala.
- Lapho umlingani abejwayele ukuhlala okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi eyisizwe sezwe. Uma engeyena owesizwe, isicelo singafakwa uma lo muntu esehlale ezweni okungenani unyaka owodwa.
- Lapho omunye wozakwethu agcina ukuhlala khona nalapho omunye wozakwethu esahlala khona.
Ngaphakathi kwe-EU, inkantolo eqala ukuthola isicelo sesehlukaniso esihlangabezana nemibandela inamandla okuthatha isinqumo ngesahlukaniso. Inkantolo ekhipha isehlukaniso nayo inganquma ngokunikezwa kwabazali izingane ezihlala ezweni lenkantolo. Imithetho ye-EU ngesahlukaniso ayisebenzi eDenmark ngoba iBrussels II bis Regulation ayizange yamukelwe lapho.
ENetherlands
Uma umbhangqwana ungahlali eNetherlands, ngokomthetho kungenzeka kuphela ukuhlukanisa eNetherlands uma abashadile bobabili benobuzwe baseDutch. Uma lokhu kungenjalo, inkantolo yaseDutch ingase izimemezele ukuthi inekhono ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, isibonelo uma kungenakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phesheya. Ngisho noma umbhangqwana ushadele kwelinye izwe, ungase ufake isicelo sesehlukaniso eNetherlands.
Umbandela uwukuthi umshado ubhaliswe endaweni ebhalisiwe yomphakathi yendawo yokuhlala eNetherlands. Imiphumela yedivosi ingase yehluke kwamanye amazwe. Isimemezelo sesehlukaniso esivela ezweni le-EU siqashelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamanye amazwe e-EU. Ngaphandle kwe-EU lokhu kungase kuhluke kakhulu.
Isehlukaniso singaba nemiphumela yesimo sokuhlala kothile eNetherlands. Uma umlingani enemvume yokuhlala ngoba wayehlala nomlingani wakhe eNetherlands, kubalulekile ukuthi afake isicelo semvume yokuhlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, imvume yokuhlala ingahoxiswa.
Yimuphi umthetho osebenzayo?
The umthetho yezwe isicelo sesehlukaniso esifakwe kulo angeke sisebenze esahlukaniso. Inkantolo kungase kudingeke ukuthi isebenzise umthetho wangaphandle. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi eNetherlands. Engxenyeni ngayinye yecala kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi inkantolo inegunya yini nokuthi yimuphi umthetho okufanele usetshenziswe. Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ozimele udlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Lo mthetho uyigama eliyisambulela sezindawo zomthetho lapho amazwe angaphezu kwelilodwa abandakanyeka khona.
Ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 2012, iNcwadi ye-10 ye-Dutch Civil Code yaqala ukusebenza eNetherlands. Lokhu kuqukethe imithetho yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wangasese. Umthetho oyinhloko ukuthi inkantolo yaseNetherlands isebenzisa umthetho wesahlukaniso waseDashi, kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe kanye nendawo yokuhlala yabashadile. Lokhu kwehlukile uma izithandani seziqoshwe umthetho ozikhethele wona. Abashadile bayobe sebekhetha umthetho osebenza ezinqubweni zabo zedivosi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kungene umshado, kodwa futhi kungenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi uma usuzohlukanisa.
Umthethonqubo emibusweni yempahla yomshado
Emishadweni engene isivumelwano ngomhla zingama-29 kuJanuwari 2019 noma ngemva kwalokho, kuzosebenza uMthethonqubo (EU) No 2016/1103. Lo mthethonqubo ulawula umthetho osebenzayo kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwezinqumo ezindabeni zemithetho yempahla yomshado. Imithetho eyibekayo inquma ukuthi yiziphi izinkantolo ezinganquma ngempahla yabashade nabo (igunya), imuphi umthetho osebenzayo (ukungqubuzana kwemithetho) nokuthi ingabe isahlulelo esikhishwe yinkantolo yelinye izwe kufanele samukelwe futhi sisetshenziswe elinye (ukuqashelwa). kanye nokuphoqelela).
Empeleni, inkantolo efanayo isenamandla ngokwemithetho ye-Brussels IIa Regulation. Uma kungekho mthetho okhethiwe, umthetho woMbuso lapho abashadile benendawo yabo yokuqala yokuhlala efanayo uzosebenza. Uma kungekho ndawo yokuhlala evamile, umthetho woMbuso wobuzwe wabo bobabili abashadile uzosebenza. Uma abashadile bengenabo ubuzwe obufanayo, umthetho woMbuso lapho abashadile abanokuxhumana okuseduze kakhulu nawo uzosebenza.
Umthethonqubo ngakho-ke usebenza kuphela empahleni yomshado. Imithetho inquma ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe umthetho waseDashi, ngakho-ke umphakathi ojwayelekile wempahla noma umphakathi olinganiselwe wempahla noma uhlelo lwangaphandle. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela eminingi ezimpahleni zakho. Ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthola iseluleko sezomthetho, ngokwesibonelo, ngesivumelwano somthetho ongakhethwa.
Ukuthola izeluleko ngaphambi komshado wakho noma ukuthola izeluleko nosizo lapho kwenzeka isehlukaniso, ungaxhumana nabameli bomndeni baka Law & More. At Law & More siyaqonda ukuthi isehlukaniso nemicimbi elandelayo ingaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude empilweni yakho. Yingakho sithatha indlela yomuntu siqu. Kanye nawe futhi mhlawumbe nowayenguzakwethu, singanquma isimo sakho sezomthetho ngesikhathi senhlolokhono ngesisekelo semibhalo bese sizame ukurekhoda umbono noma izifiso zakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, singakusiza ngenqubo engenzeka. Abameli ku Law & More bangongoti emkhakheni wezomthetho womuntu siqu nowomndeni futhi bayakujabulela ukukuqondisa, mhlawumbe ndawonye nomlingani wakho, ngenqubo yesehlukaniso.