Isivumelwano sokuqasha sinezici ezahlukahlukene. Isici esibalulekile salokhu umninikhaya nezibopho anazo ngokuqasha. Indawo yokuqala maqondana nezibopho zomnikazi wendawo “yinjabulo umqashi angayilindela ngokuya ngesivumelwano sokuqasha”. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izibopho zomnikazi wendawo zihlobene kakhulu namalungelo omqashi. Ngamagama aphathekayo, lesi siqalo sisho izibopho ezimbili ezibalulekile zomnikazi wendawo. Okokuqala, isibopho se-Article 7: 203 BW sokwenza into itholakale kumqashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibopho sesondlo sisebenza kumnikazi wendawo, noma ngamanye amazwi ukulawulwa kwamaphutha ku-Article 7: 204 we-Dutch Civil Code. Ukuthi zombili izibopho zomnikazi wendawo zisho ukuthini, kuzoxoxwa ngazo ngokulandelana kule blog.
Ukwenza impahla eqashiwe itholakale
Mayelana nesibopho sokuqala somninikhaya, i-Article 7: 203 yeDutch Civil Code ibeka ukuthi umninindlu ubophezelekile ukuthi enze impahla yokuqashisa itholakale kumqashi bese eyishiya kuze kube sezingeni elidingekayo ekusetshenzisweni okuvunyelwene ngakho. Ukukhathazeka kokusebenzisa okuvunyelwene ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqashwa kwe:
- (indawo ezimele noma engazimele) yokuhlala;
- isikhala sebhizinisi, ngomqondo wendawo yokuthengisa;
- enye indawo yebhizinisi namahhovisi njengoba kuchaziwe ku-Article 7: 203a BW
Kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile esivumelwaneni sokuqasha ukusetshenziswa okuvunyelwene ngakho amaqembu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, impendulo yombuzo wokuthi umninindlu usifezile isibopho sakhe izoncika kulokho amaqembu akuchazile esivumelwaneni sokuqashisa maqondana nendawo okuqashwa kuyo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcini ngokusho indawo okuya kuyo, noma okungenani ukusetshenziswa, esivumelwaneni sokuqashisa, kodwa futhi nokuchaza ngokuningiliziwe lokho umqashi angakulindela ngesisekelo salokho. Kulo mongo, kuthinta, isibonelo, izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo ukusebenzisa impahla eqashiwe ngendlela ethile. Isibonelo, ekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo njengendawo yokuthengisa, umqashi angasho futhi ukutholakala kwekhawunta, amashalofu angashintshi noma izindonga zokwahlukanisa, nezidingo ezihluke ngokuphelele zesikhala esiqashiwe ngokwesibonelo esenzelwe ukugcina iphepha lokulahla noma insimbi kungasethwa kulo mongo obuziwe.
Isibopho sesondlo (ukukhokha okuzenzakalelayo)
Ngokomongo wesibopho esiyinhloko sesibili somninindlu, i-Article 7: 206 yeDutch Civil Code ibeka ukuthi umninindlu ubophezelekile ukulungisa amaphutha. Okufanele kuqondwe yisiphambeko kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe ku-Article 7: 204 we-Civil Code: isici isimo noma isici somphumela ngenxa yalokho impahla engenakunika umqashi injabulo angayilindela ngesisekelo sesivumelwano sokuqasha. Ngalolo daba, ngokusho kweNkantolo Ephakeme, injabulo ihlanganisa okungaphezu nje kwesimo sempahla eqashiwe noma impahla yayo. Ezinye izimo ezikhawulela ukuzithokozisa nazo zingakha iphutha ngaphakathi kwencazelo ye-Article 7: 204 BW. Kulo mongo, cabanga, isibonelo, ukufinyeleleka okulindelekile, ukufinyeleleka nokubukeka kwempahla eqashiwe.
Yize kuyigama elibanzi, elihlanganisa zonke izimo ezikhawulela ukujabula komqashi, okulindelwe ngumqashi akufanele kudlule okulindelwe ngumqashi ojwayelekile. Ngamanye amagama, lokhu kusho ukuthi umqashi akanakulindela okungaphezu kwempahla enakekelwa kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaba ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziqashiswayo ngamunye uzokhuphula okulindelekile, ngokusho komthetho wamacala.
Kunoma ikuphi, akunasici uma into eqashisayo inganiki umqashi injabulo elindelwe njengomphumela we:
- isimo esibangelwa umqashi ngesisekelo sephutha noma ngengozi. Isibonelo, ukukhubazeka okuncane endaweni eqashiwe ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlekelele ezisemthethweni kungenxa ye-akhawunti yomqashi.
- Isimo esihlobene nomqashi uqobo. Lokhu kungafaka, isibonelo, umkhawulo wokubekezelela ophansi kakhulu maqondana nemisindo yokuphila ejwayelekile evela kwabanye abaqashi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwangempela okuvela kubantu besithathu, njengomsindo wethrafikhi noma isicefe somsindo esivela endaweni engaphansi kwempahla eqashiwe.
- Ukugomela ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwangempela, okuyisimo lapho, ngokwesibonelo, umakhelwane womqashi ethi unelungelo lokungena engadini yomqashi, ngaphandle kokuyisebenzisa empeleni.
Unswinyo uma kwephulwa izibopho ezisemqoka ngumninindlu
Uma umninindlu engakwazi ukwenza impahla eqashiwe itholakale kumqashi ngesikhathi, ngokugcwele noma nhlobo, khona-ke kukhona ukushiyeka engxenyeni yomninikhaya. Okufanayo kuyasebenza uma kukhona iphutha. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, ukushiyeka kuhlanganisa unswinyo lomnikazi wendawo futhi kunika umqashi amandla amaningi kulo mongo, njengokufuna kuka:
- Compliance. Umqashi angabe esefuna kumnikazi wendawo ukuthi enze impahla eqashiwe itholakale ngesikhathi, ngokugcwele noma nhlobo, noma ukulungisa iphutha. Kodwa-ke, inqobo nje uma umqashi engadingi ukuthi umninikhaya alungiswe, umninindlu angahle angalungisa iphutha. Kodwa-ke, uma ikhambi lingenakwenzeka noma lingenangqondo, umqashi akudingeki enze kanjalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umqashi enqaba ukulungiswa noma engenzi kanjalo ngesikhathi, umqashi angazilungisa yena ngokwakhe iphutha bese edonsa izindleko zalo kwirente.
- Ukunciphisa intela. Lokhu kungenye indlela yomqashi uma impahla eqashiwe ingatholakali ngesikhathi noma ngokugcwele ngumqashisi, noma uma kukhona iphutha. Ukwehliswa kwerenti kufanele kufunwe enkantolo noma ekomidini lokuhlola intela. Isimangalo kufanele sifakwe kungakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuthi umqashi ebike isici kumnikazi wendawo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ukwehliswa kwerenti nakho kuzoqala ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, uma umqashi evumela ukuthi lesi sikhathi siphele, ilungelo lakhe lokwehliswa kwerenti lizoncishiswa, kepha ngeke liphele.
- Ukupheliswa kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa uma ukuntuleka kwerenti kwenza ukuthokozela kungenzeki ngokuphelele. Uma isici lapho umqashi engadingi ukusilungisa, isibonelo ngoba ikhambi lingenakwenzeka noma lidinga ukusetshenziswa kwemali okungenakulindelwa kuye ngezimo ezinikeziwe, kodwa lokho kwenza ukuthokozela obekungalindelwa ngumqashi kungenzeki ngokuphelele, kokubili umqashi kanye umqashi uncibilikisa isivumelwano sokuqasha. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, lokhu kungenziwa ngesitatimende esikhipha isinqumo. Imvamisa, nokho, akuwona wonke amaqembu avumelana nokuqedwa, ukuze kusamele kulandelwe izinyathelo zomthetho.
- Isinxephezelo. Lesi simangalo sibangelwa kuphela umqashi uma iphutha, njengobukhona besici, lingabangelwa umninindlu. Lokhu kunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, uma iphutha lavela ngemuva kokungena kuqashiso futhi kungabangelwa ngumqashisi ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, akenzanga isondlo esanele endaweni eqashiwe. Kepha futhi, uma ngabe inkinga ethile yayivele ikhona lapho kuqashwa khona futhi umqashisi wayeyazi ngaleso sikhathi, bekufanele ngabe uyazi noma wazise umqashi ukuthi impahla eqashiwe ayinayo le nkinga.
Ngabe ungumqashi noma umninindlu obambe iqhaza empikiswaneni maqondana nokuthi umninikhaya uyahlangabezana nezimo noma cha. Noma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana, ngokwesibonelo, ngokubeka unswinyo kumninindlu? Bese uxhumane Law & More. Zethu abameli bezindlu bangongoti kwezomthetho wokuqasha futhi bayakujabulela ukukunikeza usizo lwezomthetho noma izeluleko. Noma ngabe ungumqashi noma umninindlu, ku Law & More sithatha indlela yomuntu siqu futhi ngokubambisana nawe sizobuyekeza isimo sakho bese sinquma isu (lokulandelela) isu.
