Ngabe isahlulelo esikhishwe phesheya singabonwa futhi / noma siphoqelelwe eNetherlands? Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa njalo kwezomthetho osebenzisana njalo nezinhlangano zamazwe nezingxabano. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ayicacile. Imfundiso yokuqashelwa nokuphoqelelwa kwezahlulelo zakwamanye amazwe inzima kakhulu ngenxa yemithetho neziqondiso ezahlukahlukene. Le bhulogi inikeza incazelo emfushane yemithetho nemithethonqubo esebenzayo kumongo wokuqashelwa kokuphoqelelwa kwezahlulelo zangaphandle eNetherlands. Ngokuya ngalokho, umbuzo ongenhla uzophendulwa kule bhulogi.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokwamukelwa nokuphoqelelwa kwezahlulelo zakwamanye amazwe, i-Article 431 ye-Code of Civil Procedure (DCCP) imaphakathi eNetherlands. Lokhu kuchaza okulandelayo:
'1. Ngokuya ngemibandela yeZindatshana 985-994, azikho izinqumo ezenziwa izinkantolo zangaphandle noma izinsimbi eziyiqiniso ezenziwe ngaphandle kweNetherlands ezingaphoqelelwa eNetherlands.
2. Amacala angaqulwa futhi axazululwe futhi enkantolo yaseDashi. '
Isigaba 431 isigaba 1 DCCP - ukuphoqelelwa kwesinqumo sangaphandle
Isigaba sokuqala sobuciko. I-431 DCCP isebenza ngokuphoqelelwa kwezahlulelo zakwamanye amazwe futhi icacile: umgomo oyisisekelo ukuthi ukwahlulela kwamanye amazwe akunakuphoqelelwa eNetherlands. Kodwa-ke, isigaba sokuqala salesi sihloko esishiwo ngenhla siyaqhubeka futhi sihlinzekela ukuthi kukhona okuhlukile kumgomo oyisisekelo, okungukuthi ezimweni ezihlinzekwe ku-Articles 985-994 DCCP.
Izindatshana 985-994 DCCP ziqukethe imithetho ejwayelekile yenqubo yokuphoqelelwa kwezihloko eziphoqekayo ezidalwe emazweni angaphandle. Le mithetho ejwayelekile, eyaziwa nangokuthi inqubo ye-exequatur, isebenza ngokuya nge-Article 985 (1) DCCP kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi 'isinqumo esikhishwe yinkantolo yezwe langaphandle siyasebenza eNetherlands ngenxa yesivumelwano noma ngenxa umthetho'.
Ezingeni laseYurophu (i-EU), isibonelo, imithethonqubo elandelayo efanele ikhona kulo mongo:
- Umthethonqubo we-EEX ezindabeni zamazwe omhlaba nezezohwebo
- Umthethonqubo we-Ibis ngesehlukaniso samazwe omhlaba kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wabazali
- Umthetho we-Alimony ekulondolozweni kwengane nomlingani wamazwe omhlaba
- Umthethonqubo Womthetho Wempahla Yomshado ku-International Matrimonial Property Law
- Umthethonqubo Wobambiswano ku-International Partnership Property Law
- I-Odinensi yefa kuMthetho Wokulandelana Komhlaba Wonke
Uma isinqumo sangaphandle sisebenza eNetherlands ngenxa yomthetho noma isivumelwano, leso sinqumo asenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo umyalo wokuphoqelela, ukuze usetshenziswe. Kuze kube manje, inkantolo yaseDashi kumele icelwe kuqala ukuthi inikeze ilivu yokuphoqelelwa okuchazwe ku-Article 985 DCCP. Lokho akusho ukuthi leli cala lizohlolwa kabusha. Akunjalo, ngokusho kwendatshana 985 Rv. Kukhona, nokho, imibandela lapho inkantolo ihlola ukuthi ikhefu lizonikezwa noma cha. Izindlela eziqondile zichazwe emthethweni noma esivumelwaneni lapho isinqumo sisebenza khona.
Isigaba 431 isigaba 2 DCCP - ukuqashelwa kwesinqumo sangaphandle
Uma kwenzeka kungekho sivumelwano sokuphoqelela phakathi kweNetherlands kanye noMbuso wangaphandle, isinqumo sangaphandle esilingana nobuciko. 431 isigaba 1 DCCP eNetherlands ayifanelekile ukuphoqelelwa. Isibonelo salokhu ukwahlulelwa kweRussia. Ngemuva kwakho konke, asikho isivumelwano phakathi koMbuso waseNetherlands kanye neRussia Federation elawula ukwamukelwa kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwezahlulelo ezindabeni zombango nezentengiselwano.
Uma iqembu lifisa ukuphoqelela isinqumo sangaphandle esingaphoqelelwa ngenxa yesivumelwano noma umthetho, i-Article 431 isigaba 2 i-DCCP inikeza enye indlela. Isigaba sesibili se-Article 431 DCCP sihlinzeka ngokuthi iqembu, ngenxa yesigwebo esishiwo ngesinqumo sangaphandle, lingahle libuyele enkantolo futhi ngaphambi kwenkantolo yaseDashi, ukuze lithole isinqumo esifanayo esingasetshenziswa. Iqiniso lokuthi inkantolo yamazwe angaphandle isivele ithathe isinqumo ngempikiswano efanayo akuvimbeli ukuthi impikiswano ingalethwa enkantolo yaseDashi futhi.
Kulezi zinyathelo ezintsha ngokuya nge-Article 431, isigaba 2 DCCP, inkantolo yaseDashi 'izocubungula ecaleni ngalinye ukuthi igunya kufanele libhekiswe enkantolo yakwamanye amazwe' (HR 14 Novemba 1924, NJ 1925, eBontmantel). Umgomo oyisisekelo lapha ukuthi ukwahlulelwa kwamanye amazwe (okuthole amandla e-res judicata) kuyamukelwa eNetherlands uma izidingo ezimbalwa ezilandelayo zenziwe esahlulelweni seNkantolo Ephakeme yangomhla zingama-26 kuMandulo 2014 (ECLI: NL: HR: 2014: 2838, Gazprombank) kuqediwe:
- amandla enkantolo akhiphe isinqumo sangaphandle ahlala emgunyeni wegunya ovunyelwe ngokwamazinga wamazwe omhlaba;
- isinqumo sangaphandle sifinyelelwe enkambweni yokwahlulela ehlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo efanele yomthetho futhi ineziqinisekiso ezanele;
- ukwamukelwa kwesahlulelo sangaphandle akuphikisani nokuhleleka komphakathi waseDashi;
- awukho umbuzo wesimo lapho ukwahlulelwa kwamanye amazwe kungahambelani nesinqumo senkantolo yaseDashi esinikezwe phakathi kwamaqembu, noma ngesinqumo sangaphambilini senkantolo yezangaphandle esanikezwa phakathi kwamaqembu afanayo empikiswaneni ephathelene nodaba olufanayo futhi sisekelwe ngesizathu esifanayo.
Uma le mibandela eshiwo ngenhla ihlangatshezwa, ukusingathwa kwecala okunamandla kungenzeka kungathathwa futhi inkantolo yaseDashi ingahle yenele ngokugwetshwa kwelinye iqembu kulokho ebeligwetshwe kukho kakade esahlulelweni sangaphandle. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kulolu hlelo, olwenziwe uma kwenzeka umthetho, ukwahlulelwa kwamanye amazwe akumenyezelwa ukuthi 'kuyasebenza', kepha kukhishwa isigwebo esisha esahlulelweni saseDashi esihambelana nokugwetshwa kwesinqumo sangaphandle.
Uma imibandela a) kuya ku-d) ingahlangatshezwa, okuqukethwe kwecala kusazodingeka ukuthi kubhekwane nakho kakhulu yinkantolo. Ukuthi futhi, uma kunjalo, yiliphi inani lobufakazi okufanele linikezwe isahlulelo sangaphandle (esingafanele ukwamukelwa) eshiyelwa ekuboneni kwejaji. Kuvela emthethweni wamacala ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngesimo sokuhleleka komphakathi, inkantolo yaseDashi inamathela kumgomo welungelo lokulalelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma isinqumo sangaphandle senziwe ngokwephula lo mgomo, ukuqashelwa kwawo kungenzeka kuphambane nenqubomgomo yomphakathi.
Ngabe ubandakanyekile empikiswaneni yezomthetho yomhlaba wonke, futhi ufuna ukuthi ukwahlulelwa kwakho kwamanye amazwe kuqashelwe noma kuphoqelelwe eNetherlands? Sicela uxhumane Law & More. Kuzo Law & More, siyaqonda ukuthi izingxabano zomthetho zomhlaba wonke ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zingaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude emaqenjini. Yingakho Law & MoreAbameli basebenzisa indlela yomuntu siqu, kodwa eyanele. Bekanye nawe, bahlaziya isimo sakho bese bachaza izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezizothathwa. Uma kunesidingo, abameli bethu, abangochwepheshe emkhakheni wezomthetho wamazwe omhlaba kanye nenqubo, futhi bayakujabulela ukukusiza kunoma yikuphi ukuqashelwa noma ukuqhutshwa kwenqubo.
