Ubunikazi yilona lungelo eliphelele umuntu angaba nalo ngokuhle, ngokusho kwe-Civil Code. Okokuqala, lokho kusho ukuthi abanye kumele bahloniphe ubunikazi balowo muntu. Ngenxa yalolu lungelo, kukumnikazi ukunquma ukuthi kwenzekani ngezimpahla zakhe. Isibonelo, umnikazi anganquma ukudlulisela ubunikazi bokuhle kwakhe komunye umuntu ngesivumelwano sokuthenga. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kudluliselwe ngokusemthethweni kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezithile zomthetho. Umbandela ogcina udlulise ubunikazi balokho okuhle ukulethwa kokuhle okukhulunywa ngakho, isibonelo ngokukunikela ngokoqobo kumthengi, hhayi ukukhokhwa kwentengo yokuthenga njengoba kucatshangwa ngokujwayelekile. Ngamanye amagama, umthengi uba ngumnikazi wezinto ezinhle ngesikhathi zilethwa.
Akukho ukugcinwa kwesihloko okuvunyelwene ngakho
Ikakhulu, okungenhla kuzoba njalo uma ungavumelananga nomthengi ngokugcinwa kwetayitela. Kuyavunywa, ngaphezu kokulethwa, intengo yokuthenga kanye nesikhathi okumele kukhokhwe ngaso umthengi kuvunyelwane ngaso esivumelwaneni sokuthenga. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nokulethwa, (ukukhokhwa) kwentengo yokuthenga akuyona imfuneko yezomthetho yokudluliswa kobunikazi. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni umthengi abe ngumnikazi wezimpahla zakho, ngaphandle kokukhokha (inani eligcwele) lazo. Ngabe umthengi ngeke akhokhe ngemuva kwalokho? Lapho-ke awukwazi ukumane ubuyise izimpahla zakho, ngokwesibonelo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umthengi ongakhokhi angavele asebenzise ilungelo lobunikazi alitholile kulokho okuhle futhi kulindeleke ukuthi uhloniphe ilungelo lakhe lobunikazi entweni okukhulunywa ngayo kulokhu. Ngamanye amagama, uma kunjalo uzobe ungekho ngaphandle kokukhokha noma ukukhokha kwakho ngakho-ke ulambatha. Okufanayo kuyasebenza uma umthengi ehlose ukukhokha kepha ngaphambi kokuba inkokhelo yangempela yenzeke, ubhekene nokuqothuka. Lesi yisimo esingemnandi esingagwemeka ngendlela.
Ukugcinwa kwetayitela njengendlela yokuqapha
Kakade, ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha. Kungakho kuhlakaniphile ukusebenzisa amathuba akhona. Isibonelo, umnikazi wokuhle angavumelana nomthengi ukuthi ubunikazi buzodlulela kumthengi kuphela uma imibandela ethile ihlangatshezwe ngumthengi. Isimo esinjalo, ngokwesibonelo, singahlobana nokukhokhwa kwentengo yokuthenga futhi sibizwa nangokuthi ukugcinwa kwetayitela. Ukugcinwa kwetayitela kulawulwa ku-Article 3:92 we-Dutch Civil Code futhi, uma kuvunyelwene, kunomphumela wokuthi umthengisi ahlale engumnikazi wezimpahla ngokusemthethweni kuze kube yilapho umthengi esekhokhe inani eligcwele okuvunyelwene ngalo lezimpahla. Ukugcinwa kwetayitela bese kusebenza njengendlela yokuqapha: ingabe umthengi uyehluleka ukukhokha? Noma ingabe umthengi uzobhekana nokuqothuka ngaphambi kokukhokha umthengisi? Uma kunjalo, umthengisi unelungelo lokubuyisa izimpahla zakhe kumthengi ngenxa yokugcina itayitela ebekiwe. Uma umthengi engabambisani nokulethwa kwezimpahla, umthengisi angaqhubeka nokuthumba nokwenza ngokusebenzisa izindlela zomthetho. Ngoba umthengisi uhlale engumnikazi, okuhle kwakhe akuweleli kumthengi wokuqothuka futhi kungafunwa kulowo mhlaba. Ingabe umbandela wokukhokha ugcwalisiwe ngumthengi? Lapho-ke (kuphela) ubunikazi bokuhle buzodlulela kumthengi.
Isibonelo sokugcinwa kwetayitela: ukuthengwa kokuqashwa
Okunye kokuthengiselana okuvame kakhulu lapho izinhlangano zisebenzisa ukugcinwa kwetayitela ukuthengwa kokuqashwa, noma ukuthengwa, isibonelo, imoto esitolimende elawulwa ku-Article 7A: 1576 BW. Ukuthengwa kwemali ngakho-ke kufaka ukuthenga nokuthengisa kancane kancane, lapho amaqembu evuma khona ukuthi ubunikazi bezinto ezithengisiwe abudluliswa kuphela ngokulethwa, kepha kuphela ngokufeza isimo sokukhokha ngokugcwele kwalokho okukhokhwa ngumthengi ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuthenga. Lokhu akubandakanyi ukuthengiselana okuphathelene nayo yonke impahla engenakususwa nempahla ebhaliswe kakhulu. Lokhu okwenziwayo kukhishwe ngumthetho ekuthengeni okuqashwayo. Ekugcineni, uhlelo lokuthenga ngokuqasha luhlose ngemibandela yalo ephoqelekile ukuvikela umthengi, ngokwesibonelo, imoto ekulweni nokuthathwa kokuqashwa kalula, kanye nomthengisi ngokumelene nesimo esiqinile sohlangothi olulodwa lomthengi .
Ukuphumelela kokugcinwa kwesihloko
Ukuze kusebenze kahle ukugcinwa kwesihloko, kubalulekile ukuthi kubhalwe phansi. Lokhu kungenziwa esivumelwaneni sokuthenga uqobo noma esivumelwaneni esihluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukugcinwa kwesihloko kuvame ukubekwa ngokwemigomo nemibandela ejwayelekile. Uma kunjalo, noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izidingo zomthetho maqondana nezimo ezijwayelekile kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo. Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nemigomo nemibandela ejwayelekile nezimfuneko zomthetho ezisebenzayo zingatholakala kwelinye lamabhulogi wethu wangaphambilini: Imibandela nemibandela ejwayelekile: okudingeka ukwazi ngakho.
Kubalulekile futhi kumongo wokusebenza kahle ukuthi ukugcinwa kwesihloko okufanele kufakwe nakho kuvumelekile. Kuze kube manje, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
- icala kufanele linqunywe noma likhonjwe (kuchaziwe)
- kungenzeka ukuthi icala belingafakwanga ecaleni elisha
- leli cala kungenzeka alizange liguqulwe libe yicala elisha
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhi izinhlinzeko maqondana nokugcinwa kwetayitela ngokuncanyana. Ukugcinwa kwesihloko kunciphile, ubungozi obuningi bushiywa buvulekile. Uma izinto eziningana zilethwa kumthengisi, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha, isibonelo, ukuhlela ukuthi umthengisi ahlale engumnikazi wazo zonke izinto ezilethwe kuze kube yilapho sekukhokhwe intengo ephelele yokuthenga, noma ngabe ingxenye yalezi zinto seyikhokhiwe umthengi. Okufanayo kusebenza kuzimpahla zomthengi lapho izimpahla ezilethwa ngumthengisi zikhona, noma okungenani zicutshungulwa. Kulokhu, lokhu kubhekiselwa kukho futhi njengokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kwesihloko.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngumthengi kuncike ekugcinweni kwesihloko njengephuzu elibalulekile lokunakwa
Ngoba umthengi akakabi umnikazi ngenxa yokugcinwa kwetayitela okuvunyelwene ngakho, ngokomthetho futhi akakwazi ukwenza omunye umnikazi osemthethweni. Eqinisweni, umthengi angakwenza lokhu ngokuthengisa izimpahla kubantu besithathu, nakho okwenzeka njalo. Ngenhlanhla, uma unikezwe ubudlelwano bangaphakathi nomthengisi, umthengi angavunyelwa ukuthi adlulise izimpahla. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, umnikazi akakwazi ukubuyisa izimpahla zakhe komunye umuntu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukugcinwa kwetayitela kuchazwe ngumthengisi kuphela kumthengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu wesithathu, ngokwesimo sokuvikela ekufunweni okunjalo komthengi, angancika ekuhlinzekweni kwe-athikili 3:86 ye-Civil Code, noma ngamanye amazwi ukuthembeka okuhle. Lokho bekungehluka kuphela uma lo muntu wesithathu ekwazi ukugcinwa kwetayitela phakathi komthengi nomthengisi noma azi ukuthi kuyisiko embonini ukuthi izimpahla ezilethwayo zilethwe ngaphansi kokugcinwa kwetayitela nokuthi umthengi ubegula ngokwezezimali.
Ukugcinwa kwetayitela kuwusizo olusemthethweni kodwa olunzima. Ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukuxhumana nommeli onguchwepheshe ngaphambi kokugcina isihloko. Ngabe ubhekene nokugcinwa kwesihloko noma udinga usizo ekusihleleni? Bese uxhumane Law & More. Kuzo Law & More siyaqonda ukuthi ukungabibikho kokugcinwa kwetayitela okunjalo noma ukurekhodwa okungalungile kungaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude. Abameli bethu bangongoti emkhakheni wezomthetho wezinkontileka futhi bayakujabulela ukukusiza ngokusebenzisa indlela oyisebenzisayo.
