Inkampani esemthethweni yamabili-ti iyindlela ekhethekile yenkampani engasebenza ku-NV naku-BV (kanye nakubambiswano). Kuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kuphela emaqenjini asebenza emhlabeni wonke ngengxenye yemisebenzi yawo eNetherlands. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akudingeki ukuthi kube njalo; umbuso wesakhiwo ungasebenza ngokushesha okukhulu kunokulindelekile. Ingabe lokhu kuyinto okufanele igwenywe noma ingabe inezinzuzo zayo? Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngokungena nokuphuma kwenkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa okufanele kwemiphumela yayo.
Inhloso yenkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili
Le nkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili yethulwa ohlelweni lwethu lwezomthetho ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobunikazi bamasheya maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Lapho bekukhona iningi labaninimasheya abazibophezele isikhathi eside, kuya ngokuya kujwayeleka (ngisho nangezimpesheni) ukutshala imali emfushane enkampanini. Njengoba lokhu futhi kwaholela ekubandakanyeni okuncane, uMhlangano Jikelele Wabaninimasheya (ngemuva kwalokhu 'yi-GMS') awukwazanga ukwengamela abaphathi. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni isishayamthetho sethule inkampani esemthethweni enezinhlangothi ezimbili ngawo-1970: uhlobo lwebhizinisi olukhethekile lapho kufunwa khona ukuqina okuqinile kubhalansi phakathi kwezabasebenzi nezimali ezinkulu. Lokhu kulinganiselwa kuhloswe ukuthi kufinyelelwe ngokuqinisa imisebenzi namandla eBhodi Lokuphatha (ngemuva kwalokhu 'yi-SB') nangokwethula uMkhandlu Wezemisebenzi ngokudliwa amandla we-GMS.
Namuhla, le ntuthuko kubaninimasheya isasebenza. Ngoba indima yabaninimasheya abaningi ezinkampanini ezinkulu ayenzi lutho, kungenzeka ukuthi iqembu elincane labaninimasheya lihole kuma-GMS futhi libe namandla amakhulu kubaphathi. Isikhathi esifushane sobunikazi bamasheya sikhuthaza umbono wesikhathi esifushane lapho amasheya kufanele akhule ngenani ngokushesha okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lona ngumbono omncane wezintshisekelo zenkampani, njengoba ababambiqhaza benkampani (njengezisebenzi zayo) bezuza kumbono wesikhathi eside. ICode Corporate Code ikhuluma 'ngokwakhiwa kwenani lesikhathi eside' kulo mongo. Kungakho inkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili iseyinkampani ebalulekile namuhla, ehlose ukulungisa ukulingana kwezintshisekelo zababambiqhaza.
Yiziphi izinkampani ezifanelekele umbuso wohlaka?
Imithetho esemthethweni yamacala amabili (ebizwa nangokuthi umbuso wesakhiwo noma 'i-structuurrregime' ngesiDashi) ayiphoqelekile ngokushesha. Umthetho ubeka izidingo inkampani okufanele ihlangabezane nazo ngaphambi kokuthi isicelo sibe siphoqelekile ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (ngaphandle uma kukhona ukukhululwa, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi). Lezi zidingo zibekwe esigabeni 2: 263 seDutch Civil Code ('DCC'):
- The Imali ebhalisiwe yenkampani ngokuhlanganyela okugciniwe okushiwo kubhalansi kubandakanya amanani amanothi achazayo afinyelela ku- okungenani inani elinqunywe yiRoyal Decree (okwamanje elungiswe ku- € 16 million). Lokhu kufaka phakathi amasheya athengiwe (kodwa awakhanseliwe) nazo zonke izinqolobane ezifihliwe njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumanothi achazayo.
- Inkampani, noma inkampani ethembele kuyo, isungule i- UMkhandlu Wezokusebenza ngokuya ngesibopho esisemthethweni.
- Okungenani abasebenzi abayikhulu eNetherlands bayaqashwa yinkampani kanye nenkampani ethembele kuyo. Iqiniso lokuthi abasebenzi abekho emsebenzini unomphela noma ngokugcwele alibambiqhaza kulokhu.
Iyini inkampani ethembele?
Umqondo obalulekile ovela kulezi zidingo yi inkampani ethembele kuye. Imvamisa kuba nombono oyiphutha wokuthi imithetho esemthethweni yamacala amabili ayisebenzi enkampanini yabazali, ngokwesibonelo ngoba akuyona inkampani yabazali esungule i-Works Council kepha yinkampani engaphansi kwayo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile futhi ukubheka ukuthi ngabe kuhlangatsheziwe yini imibandela ethile maqondana nezinye izinkampani ngaphakathi kweqembu. Lokhu kungabalwa njengezinkampani ezincike (ngokusho kwendatshana 2: 152/262 DCC) uma kungukuthi:
- umuntu osemthethweni lapho inkampani noma eyodwa noma izinkampani ezincike kuye, kuphela noma ngokuhlanganyela futhi ngenxa yayo noma nge-akhawunti yabo, banikela okungenani uhhafu wemali ekhokhelwayo,
- inkampani enayo ibhizinisi libhaliswe kwirejista yezohwebo futhi inkampani noma inkampani ethembele kuyo unesibopho ngokuphelele njengozakwethu kubantu besithathu kuzo zonke izikweletu.
Isicelo sokuzithandela
Ekugcineni, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa uhlelo (oluphelele noma olincishisiwe) lwezigaba ezimbili ngokuzithandela. Uma kunjalo, kusebenza kuphela imfuneko yesibili ephathelene noMkhandlu Wezemisebenzi. Imithetho esemthethweni yamacala amabili iyasebenza ngokushesha nje lapho ifakiwe kuma-athikili wenhlangano yenkampani.
Ukwakhiwa kwenkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili
Uma inkampani ihlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezingenhla, ifaneleka ngokomthetho 'njengenkampani enkulu'. Lokhu kufanele kubikwe kwirejista yezohwebo ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokutholwa kwama-akhawunti wonyaka yi-GMS. Ukushiywa kwalokhu kubhaliswa kubhekwa njengecala lezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiliphi iqembu elinentshisekelo efanele lingacela inkantolo ukuthi ibhalise. Uma lokhu kubhaliswa bekukurejista yokuhweba iminyaka emithathu, umbuso wesakhiwo uyasebenza. Ngaleso sikhathi, izindatshana zenhlangano kumele ngabe zichitshiyelwe ukwenza lula lo mbuso. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemithetho esemthethweni yamacala amabili asiqali ukusebenza kuze kubhaliswe, noma ngabe isaziso siyekiwe. Ukubhaliswa kungaphazamiseka okwesikhashana uma inkampani ingasazifezi lezi zidingo ezingenhla. Lapho inkampani yaziswa ukuthi iyathobela futhi, isikhathi siqala ekuqaleni (ngaphandle kokuthi isikhathi siphazanyiswe ngokungafanele).
(Ukukhishwa kancane)
Isibopho sesaziso asisebenzi uma kukhululwa ngokuphelele. Uma umbuso wohlaka usebenza, lokhu kuzophela ukuba khona ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuqalisa. Lokhu kukhululwa okulandelayo kulandela umthetho:
- Le nkampani iyi- inkampani ethembele ebhizinisini elisemthethweni lapho kusebenza khona isakhiwo esigcwele noma esincishisiwe. Ngamanye amagama, inkampani engaphansi iyakhululwa uma uhlelo lwebhodi (oluncishisiwe) olunamazinga amabili lusebenza kumzali, kepha okuphambene nalokho akuholeli ekukhululweni komzali.
- The inkampani isebenza njengenkampani yokuphatha neyezimali eqenjini lamazwe omhlaba, ngaphandle kokuthi abasebenzi abaqashwe yinkampani nezinkampani zamaqembu iningi labo baqashwe ngaphandle kwaseNetherlands.
- Inkampani okungenani ingxenye yenhlokodolobha ekhishiwe ubambe iqhaza ku- a ubambiswano okungenani ngamabhizinisi amabili asemthethweni ngaphansi kombuso wohlaka.
- Inkampani yesevisi iyi- iqembu lomhlaba jikelele.
Kukhona futhi nokuncishiswa noma ukwenziwa buthaka kombuso kwamaqembu omhlaba, lapho i-SB ingagunyaziwe ukuqoka noma ukuxosha amalungu ebhodi labaphathi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ubumbano nenqubomgomo eqenjini elinenkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili iphuliwe. Lokhu kusebenza uma kuvela elinye lamacala alandelayo:
- Le nkampani (i) iyinkampani yebhodi enezitezi ezimbili (ii) okungenani uhhafu wemali ekhishiwe ephethwe yinkampani yabazali (yaseDashi noma eyangaphandle) noma inkampani ethembele futhi (iii) iningi iqembu 'Abasebenzi basebenza ngaphandle kweNetherlands.
- Okungenani uhhafu wenhlokodolobha ekhishwe yenkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili iphethwe izinkampani ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi kwe- uhambo oluhlanganisile ilungiselelo (ilungiselelo lokubambisana), iningi labasebenzi abangaphakathi kweqembu labo abasebenza ngaphandle kweNetherlands.
- Okungenani uhhafu wemali ekhishiwe ibanjwe yinkampani yabazali noma yenkampani ethembele kuyo ngaphansi kohlelo lokusebenzisana oluyinkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili.
Imiphumela yombuso wohlaka
Lapho isikhathi sesiphelile, inkampani kufanele ichibiyele izindatshana zayo zokuhlangana ngokuya ngemigomo ephathelene nomthetho elawula uhlelo lwamabhodi amabili (Izindatshana 2: 158-164 zeDCC zeNV kanye neMibhalo 2: 268-2: 274 ka- i-DCC ye-BV). Inkampani enezinhlangothi ezimbili yehlukile kunenkampani ejwayelekile kula maphuzu alandelayo:
- The ukusungulwa kwebhodi labaphathi (noma isakhiwo sebhodi lesigaba esisodwa ngokulandela i-Article 2: 164a / 274a yeDCC) kuyimpoqo;
- The I-SB izonikezwa amandla abanzi kusetshenziswa amandla e-GMS. Isibonelo, i-SB izonikezwa amalungelo okuvunyelwa maqondana nezinqumo ezibalulekile zokuphatha futhi (ngaphansi kombuso ophelele) izokwazi ukuqoka nokuxosha abaqondisi.
- The amalungu e-SB aqokwa yi-GMS lapho kuphakanyiswa i-SB, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamalungu aqokwa nguMkhandlu Wezisebenzi.. Ukuqokwa kunganqatshwa kuphela yiningi eliphelele elimele okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zekhephithali ekhishiwe.
Umbuso wesakhiwo uyaphikiswa?
Amandla wabaninimasheya abancane, isishoshovu kanye nabasebenzela inzuzo kuphela angancishiswa ngumbuso wohlaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-SB, ngokwandiswa kwamandla ayo, ingagxila ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezibanzi ezithandwa inkampani, kufaka phakathi intshisekelo yabaninimasheya, ezuzisa ababambiqhaza ngomqondo obanzi kanye nokuqhubeka kwenkampani. Abasebenzi nabo bathola ithonya elikhulu kunqubomgomo yenkampani, ngoba uMkhandlu Wezemisebenzi uqoka ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ze-SB.
Ukuvinjelwa kokulawulwa kwamasheya
Kodwa-ke, inkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili ingaba yinkinga uma kuvela isimo esiphambuka enkambisweni yamasheya wesikhashana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abaninimasheya abakhulu, abake bacebisa inkampani ngaphambilini ngethonya labo kanye nombono wesikhathi eside (njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, emabhizinisini omndeni), banqunyelwe ekuphatheni kwabo ngohlelo lwamabhodi amabili. Lokhu kungenza nokuthi inkampani ingakhangi kangako enhlokodolobha yamazwe angaphandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inkampani esemthethweni yamacala amabili ayisakwazi ukusebenzisa amalungelo okuqokwa nokuxoshwa - ukusetshenziswa okufinyelela kude kakhulu kwalokhu kulawula - futhi (ngisho nakuhulumeni oncishisiwe) ukusebenzisa ilungelo lokuvotela ezinqumweni ezibalulekile zokuphatha . Amalungelo asele okuncoma noma okuphikisa kanye nethuba lokuxoshwa okwesikhashana kumane kuyisithunzi esiphaphatheka salokhu. Ukufiswa kohlelo olusemthethweni olunamacala amabili ngakho-ke kuncike kumasiko wabanini bamasheya enkampanini.
Umbuso wesakhiwo owenzelwe wona
Noma kunjalo, kuyenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe amalungiselelo athile okuhlalisa abanikazi bamasheya benkampani ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yomthetho. Isibonelo, yize kungenzeki kuzindatshana zenhlangano ukukhawulela ukuvunywa kwezinqumo ezibalulekile zokuphatha yi-SB, kungenzeka ukuthi kudinge ukuvunyelwa kolunye uhlaka lwenkampani (isb. I-GMS) ngalezi zinqumo. Ngalokhu, kusebenza imithetho ejwayelekile yokuchibiyela izindatshana zenhlangano. Ngaphandle kokuchezuka kuzindatshana zenhlangano, ukuphambuka kwesivumelwano nakho kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukhuthazwa ngoba akuphoqelelwe emthethweni wenkampani. Ngokwenza izichibiyelo ezivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni emithethweni yomthetho yamacala amabili, kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale indlela eya embusweni ofanelana nenkampani, naphezu kwesicelo esiyimpoqo.
Ngabe usenemibuzo mayelana nombuso wesakhiwo ngemuva kokufunda le ndatshana, noma ungathanda iseluleko esenziwe ngokwezifiso kuhulumeni wesakhiwo? Ngemuva kwalokho sicela uxhumane Law & More. Abameli bethu bakhethekile emthethweni wezinkampani futhi bazokujabulela ukukusiza!