Wonke umqashi unelungelo unamalungelo amabili abalulekile: ilungelo lokujabulela ukuphila nelungelo lokuqasha ukuvikelwa. Lapho sixoxe khona ngelungelo lokuqala lomqashi mayelana izibopho zomninikhaya, ilungelo lesibili lomqashi lafika kubhulogi elihlukile mayelana ukuvikelwa kwerenti. Yingakho omunye umbuzo othakazelisayo uzoxoxwa kule blog: yimaphi amanye amalungelo umqashi anawo? Ilungelo lokujabulela ukuphila nelungelo lokuqasha ukuvikelwa akuwona kuphela amalungelo umqashi anawo ngokumelene nomnikazi wendawo. Isibonelo, umqashi unelungelo lamalungelo amaningi esimweni sokudluliswa kwempahla engadluli irenti futhi ehambisa phansi. Womabili amalungelo kuxoxwa ngokulandelana kule blog.
Ukudluliswa kwempahla akuweleli ukuqasha
Isigaba 1 se-Article 7: 226 seDutch Civil Code, esisebenza kubaqashi bezindawo zokuhlala nezentengiso, sisho okulandelayo:
"Ukudluliswa kwempahla okuhlobene nayo isivumelwano sokuqashisa (…) ngumninikhaya kudlulisa amalungelo nezibopho zomninikhaya kusukela esivumelwaneni sokuqasha kuya kusitholi. "
Kumuntu oqashile, le ndatshana isho okokuqala ukuthi ukudluliswa kobunikazi bempahla eqashiwe, ngokwesibonelo ngokuthengiswa ngumnikazi wendawo kuya komunye, akususi isivumelwano sokuqasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqashi angafaka izimangalo kumuntu ozongena esikhundleni somthetho, njengoba manje lo owalandela ngokusemthethweni ethatha amalungelo nezibopho zomninikhaya. Embuzweni wokuthi yiziphi izimangalo eziqashiwe ngaleso sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthi kuqala kuqale ukuthi yimaphi amalungelo nezibopho zomninikhaya ezidlulisela kulowo ozomlandela ngokusemthethweni. Ngokwesigaba 3 se-Article 7: 226 se-Civil Code, lawa ikakhulukazi amalungelo nezibopho zomnikazi wendawo ezihlobene ngqo nokusetshenziswa kwempahla eqashiwe ukuze kucatshangwe ukuthi izokhokhwa ngumqashi, okungukuthi, irenti. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimangalo ezingenziwa ngumqashi kulowo ongena esikhundleni somthetho, empeleni, zihlobene namalungelo akhe amabili abaluleke kakhulu: ilungelo lokujabulela impilo nelungelo lokuqasha ukuvikelwa.
Imvamisa, noma kunjalo, umqashi nomninikhaya nabo benza ezinye izivumelwano esivumelwaneni sokuqasha ngokuya ngokunye okuqukethwe futhi bakurekhode lokhu ezigabeni. Isibonelo esivamile yisigatshana esiphathelene nelungelo lomqashi langaphambi kokuthola okuthile. Yize kungamniki ilungelo umqashi ekulethweni, kusho isibopho somninikhaya ukunikela: umninikhaya kuzofanele kuqala anikeze impahla eqashiwe ukuyithengisa kumqashi ngaphambi kokuthi ithengiselwe omunye ozongena esikhundleni sakhe ngokusemthethweni. Ngabe umninindlu olandelayo naye uzoboshwa yilesi sigaba abhekise kumqashi? Ngokubuka komthetho wamacala, akunjalo. Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokuthi ilungelo lokuqashisa kuqala lomqashi alihlobene ngqo nerenti, ukuze isigatshana esiphathelene nelungelo lokuthengwa kwempahla eqashiwe singadluli kumlandeli osemthethweni womnikazi wendawo. Lokhu kwehluke kuphela uma kuthinta inketho yokuthenga evela kumqashi futhi inani elizokhokhwa ngezikhathi ezithile kumnikazi wendawo lifaka nengxenye yesinxephezelo sokutholwa okuphelele.
Ukuthumela
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Article 7: 227 ye-Civil Code isho okulandelayo maqondana namalungelo omqashi:
"Umqashi ugunyaziwe ukunikeza impahla eqashiwe esetshenziswa, iphelele noma ingxenye yayo, komunye umuntu, ngaphandle kwalapho kufanele acabange ukuthi umqashi uzoba nokuphikisana okufanelekile nokusetshenziswa kwalowo omunye umuntu."
Ngokuvamile, kusobala kule ndatshana ukuthi umqashi unelungelo lokufaka konke noma ingxenye yempahla eqashiwe komunye umuntu. Ngokubheka ingxenye yesibili ye-Article 7: 227 ye-Civil Code, umqashi akakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuncenga uma enezizathu zokusola ukuthi umninindlu uzokuphikisa lokhu. Kwezinye izimo, ukuphikisa komninikhaya kuyabonakala, ngokwesibonelo uma ukuvinjelwa okufakiwe kufakwa esivumelwaneni sokuqasha. Kuleso simo, ukuzithoba komuntu oqashile akuvunyelwe. Uma umqashi enza lokhu noma kunjalo, kungahle kube nenhlawulo ngokubuyiselwa. Le nhlawulo kufanele ixhunyaniswe nokuvinjelwa kokufakwa kwesivumelwano esivumelwaneni sokuqasha futhi iboshwe enanini eliphezulu. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwegumbi kusuka ku-Air B&B ngale ndlela kungavinjelwa ekuqashisweni, okuvamise ukuthi kube njalo.
Kulesi simo, i-athikili 7: 244 ye-Civil Code nayo ibalulekile ekufakweni kwendawo yokuhlala, ethi umqashi wendawo yokuhlala akavunyelwe ukuqasha yonke indawo yokuhlala. Lokhu akusebenzi engxenyeni yendawo yokuhlala, njengekamelo. Ngamanye amagama, umqashi ukhululekile ukuthi angafaka kancane indawo yokuhlala komunye. Ngokuyinhloko, i-subtenant nayo inelungelo lokuhlala endaweni eqashiwe. Lokhu kusebenza futhi uma umqashi kufanele ashiye impahla eqashiwe ngokwakhe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-Article 7: 269 yeDutch Civil Code ihlinzeka ukuthi umninindlu uzoqhubeka nokufaka umthetho ngokusebenza komthetho, noma isivumelwano esikhulu sokuqasha sesiphelile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela elandelayo ngenhloso yalesi sihloko:
- Indawo yokuhlala ezimele. Ngamanye amagama, indawo yokuhlala enokufinyelela kwayo nezinsiza zayo ezibalulekile, njengekhishi nendlu yangasese. Igumbi kuphela ngakho-ke alibonwa njengendawo yokuhlala ezimele.
- Isivumelwano seSicela. Ukuba yisivumelwano phakathi komqashi kanye ne-subtenant ehlangabezana nezidingo zesivumelwano sokuqasha, njengoba kuchaziwe ku-Article 7: 201 we-Civil Code.
- Isivumelwano sokuqashisa siphathelene nokuqashwa kwendawo yokuhlala. Ngamanye amagama, isivumelwano esiyinhloko sokuqasha phakathi komqashi nomnikazi wendawo kufanele sithinte ukuqashwa nokuqashiswa kwendawo lapho kusebenza khona imibandela yendawo yokuhlala esemthethweni.
Uma le mibandela engenhla ingalandelwa, umuntu ophethe imali akanalo ilungelo noma itayitela lokufuna kumnikazi wendawo ilungelo lokuhlala endaweni eqashiwe ngemuva kokuba isivumelwano esikhulu sokuqasha phakathi komqashi nomninikhaya sesinqanyuliwe, ukuze ukukhishwa futhi okungenakugwemeka kuye. Uma i-subtenant ihlangabezana nemibandela, kufanele ikunakekele iqiniso lokuthi umninindlu angaqala ngamacala abhekiswe kusibambiso ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze kuqedwe ukufakwa nokukhishwa kwelethi.
Njengesikhala sokuhlala, isikhala sezohwebo naso singasetshenziswa ngumqashi. Kepha umhlalaphansi uhlangana kanjani nomnikazi wendawo kulesi simo, uma umqashi engagunyaziwe ukwenza njalo noma kufanele ashiye impahla eqashiwe? Ngo-2003 kwaba khona umehluko ocacile: umninindlu wayengahlangene ngalutho ne-subtenant ngoba umnikazi wendawo wayenobudlelwano obusemthethweni nomqashi kuphela. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhulu sangaphansi naso sasingenawo amalungelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela isimangalo kumninikhaya. Kusukela lapho, umthetho ushintshile kuleli phuzu futhi ubeka ukuthi uma isivumelwano esiyinhloko sokuqasha phakathi komqashi nomninikhaya siphela, umqashi kufanele anakekele izintshisekelo nesimo salo mhlalaphansi ngokuthi: umninindlu. Kepha uma isivumelwano esikhulu sokuqasha sisanqanyulwa ngemuva kwenqubo, amalungelo we-subtenant nawo azophela.
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